Over the Counter Meds: Which One for What?

Antihistamines? Decongestants? Nasal sprays? Eye Drops? How do you choose?

Antihistamines may be your best bet for seasonal allergies. They're the drug class generally used to treat the symptoms of allergies such as runny nose and sneezing. They block the action of histamine, one of the major compounds behind hay fever symptoms. Over the counter (OTC) antihistamines, while effective, can make you feel dizzy or sleepy. Don't use them if you are going to drive or operate heavy equipment. Ask your doctor for a prescription for the newer, non-drowsy antihistamines.

Senior citizens have reason to be particularly concerned about OTC antihistamines. Confusion is another potential side effect and, combined with sleepiness and dizziness, can lead to an increased risk of falling, a very serious problem for older adults.

Decongestants, nasal sprays and nose drops are used to treat nasal congestion and other symptoms of colds and allergies. They shrink swollen membranes in your nose. They may cause nervousness, sleeplessness or a rapid pulse. If you use an OTC decongestant nasal spray more than three days in a row, you may end up with "rebound rhinitis," in which the drug actually worsens the swelling and stuffiness in your nose. People with high blood pressure are generally advised to avoid taking any decongestants. Ask your physician about prescription medication that can safely relieve congestion and drainage.

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